The World of Dolphins

Hello, welcome to my blog. I can't believe that Dolphin Tale 2 is out in theaters today! I'm so excited! Finally, three years after the first one, a sequel has been produced. To celebrate the release of the movie, I'll dedicate this blog post to Dolphin Tale 2 and its dolphins.

Days till:

It is: the theatrical release of Dolphin Tale 2 today!

Yesterday was: Patriot Day

In the Spotlight:

Well, with the filming of Jurassic World complete, as I expected, updates that are being released to the public are becoming few and far between. However, this shouldn't last too long, perhaps until January, a mere five months before the film's release.

Though there isn't much news to report today, ComicBookMovie.com revealed some important information concerning one of the characters in the film portrayed by Judy Greer. In her interview, she explained that she is in fact portraying Claire's (Bryce Dallas Howard) sister in a "small, but poignant role." Whether or not she'll meet any dinosaurs is at this point uncertain. Whatever the case though, I can't wait to see the film!

In additional news, Dolphin Tale 2 is being released in theaters today! I can't wait to see it. 

Topic of the Week by Christian Ryan

Dolphins are surely one of the most interesting of God's creatures.

Just last week, the film Dolphin Tale 2 came out in theaters. So I figured why not focus on everyone’s favorite marine mammals? Dolphins are popular with everybody. Everywhere you go, you'll see dolphins in movies, books, TV shows, aquariums and even theme parks like Sea World. But how much do you really know about these amazing creatures?

Here is Winter the dolphin from the Clearwater Marine Aquarium!

When the word “dolphin” is said or read, people picture a gray-colored creature with a relatively long-snout. But there are many different species of dolphins within the suborder Odontoceti and are classified in the order cetacea (this group contains all whales and dolphins). Most of the dolphins we'll be looking at today are members of the family delphinidae, or the dolphin family. But before we start talking about different species of dolphins, let's go over what dolphins are in general. Despite the fact that they are aquatic animals, dolphins aren't fish; they're mammals, just like dogs, cats, elephants and us. Dolphins come in a great variety of shapes and sizes. As sea creatures, the Bible tells us that God created dolphins on Day 5, with other sea and flying animals.

A mother bottlenose dolphin swims with her calf.

Dolphins vary in size, the smallest is Maui's dolphin at 4 feet long, while the largest is none other than the orca, or killer whale at 30 feet long and 11 tons! However, as the genus Tursiops, or the bottlenose dolphin is the most famous and easily recognized, this is the one we'll focus most of this article on. However, we will also touch on other species of dolphins. The bottlenose dolphin can grow between 6-13 feet in length and weigh 330-1,430 lbs in weight; males are generally larger than females.

Maui's dolphins are one of the smallest dolphin species, measuring only four feet long!

Dolphins are specially designed for life underwater. Firstly, they have long and streamlined bodies. Unlike all other mammals, dolphins are mostly hairless – a few hairs are found on the tip of their snouts and are lost either before birth or shortly after. The lack of hairs means that dolphins are able to move through the water at fast speeds, as hair would produce drag. Another important feature dolphins have is the blowhole on top of their heads. Since they don't filter oxygen out of water with gills like fish do, they must return to the surface to breath. They often hold their breath for 2-3 minutes at a time. To propel them through the water, God designed these mammals with a strong tail fluke. The tail fluke is so important to a dolphin, that dolphins in the wild would die if the tail was lost. This is clearly evident in the case of Winter, the now-famous bottlenose dolphin with a prosthetic tail at the Clearwater Marine Aquarium.

Dolphins are able to use their tails to "walk" through the water.

Dolphins live in every ocean on the planet, from the warm, clear waters of the equator, to the frigid waters of the Arctic and Antarctic; whatever the habitat, dolphins have adapted to thrive. Did you know dolphins aren't only found in the ocean? Different species of river dolphins can be found in bodies of water in the Amazon, and in Asia. It's very easy to forget that these mammals are fierce predators (it's just that humans aren't on the dolphin's menu). The bottlenose dolphin and most of its kin like to eat small fish (though some dolphins in some parts of the world include tuna and mackerel in their diet), crustaceans and squid, which they catch with their needle-sharp teeth.

The blue coloration represents where bottlenose dolphins like to live.

How do dolphins catch their prey? Well to answer that, we have to learn a bit about their social behavior. Many species including the bottlenose are social and live in groups called pods. The number of bottlenose dolphins within a pod varies depending on what region the dolphins live in, their gender and whether or not females are in the mood for mating. Adult males are normally found alone or in groups of two or three. Females and young individuals are much more social, living in groups of up to 15. But, as I said before, dolphins are very social creatures and groups of dolphins will often fuse together to create a massive pod numbering 100 to over 1,000 animals!

Dolphins, like these spinner dolphins, often form large groups called pods, sometimes numbering in their hundreds and thousands!

Now we can tackle the question of how dolphins catch their food. God gave dolphins and several other animals an amazing ability: they can use echolocation to navigate. Here's how echolocation works: the dolphin emits up to 1,000 high-pitched clicking sounds per second. The sounds zoom through the water until they bump an object and travel back to the dolphin's head. The dolphin then receives the bouncing sounds through a special organ in the forehead called the melon. Now the dolphin knows everything about its surroundings. In fact, dolphins are so good at using echolocation that they can be blindfolded and still find their way around as if they could see! This method is much like sonar used on submarines. Isn't the Creator of the dolphin amazing?

This is how echolocation works: the dolphin sends out a high-pitched sound; when the sound bumps into an object in the water, it returns to the dolphin.

Ready to go on the assault, dolphins have a number of ways of catching the fish and other prey they like to eat, but they like working as a cooperative team. If they encounter a shoal of fish, they will drive the fish into a large ball shape and they all take turns diving into the fish-ball to gobble down fish. Some dolphins in Georgia and South Carolina engage in a very unique way of catching fish called “strand feeding”. What they do is herd the fish toward the shore until they are practically on the sand itself and the dolphins breach themselves to catch the squirming fish. What makes this technique interesting is that only dolphins in Georgia and South Carolina have been known to do this, meaning this behavior is not instinct. It is in fact a learned behavior and the dolphins have passed down from generation to generation.

Dolphins use a variety of techniques to catch fish; above you can see one example.

Speaking of which, dolphins are extremely intelligent animals. They're some of the most intelligent organisms on the planet. Not only are they capable memory, acoustic and behavioral mimicry, monitoring self-behavior, mirror self-recognition and numerical values, but they also are able to interact cooperatively with other species, including humans. Some dolphins have learned to assist Mauritanian fishermen to catch fish, and both parties reap the rewards.

To sleep, dolphins shut off half of their brain and close one of their eyes; meanwhile the other half of the brain and other eye are still functioning, alert and active.

Dolphins are smart and social creatures. They not only are fierce hunters, but they can also prove more than a match for many predators. The only predators that pose a threat to dolphins are sharks, such as the dusky, bull, tiger and great white shark. Dolphins not only are agile enough to dodge many shark attacks, but they also can fight back with great ferocity by charging at the predatory fish; a group of dolphins will also team up to mob the predator, forcing it to retreat or risk serious injury (dolphins often target the vulnerable gills of sharks when driving them off). Some killer whales (which are dolphins themselves) sometimes also hunt smaller dolphins, but others swim with smaller dolphins peacefully.

Just like humans, dolphins love to surf!

Now that we've learned a lot about dolphins, let's look at a few species:

Bottlenose Dolphin

Bottlenose dolphins are some of the most intelligent animals on the planet.

Bottlenose dolphins are the most easily recognized and common species of dolphins. They can often be found in large pods, as they're sociable creatures. When it comes time for a pregnant dolphin is ready to give birth after a 12-month gestation period, the teamwork and sense of community are clearly seen in this genus. The mother dolphin is sometimes assisted by another dolphin when the baby dolphin (called a calf) is born. At birth, calves aren't very good swimmers, so several members of the dolphin pod will assist the mother dolphin get her baby to the surface to get its first breath. A bottlenose dolphin calf is only 20-66 lbs at birth. Like all mammals, dolphins feed their young with milk. The calf will continue to rely on its mother's milk for 18 months to 8 years and will remain with its mother for several years after it is weaned. Bottlenose dolphins can live up to 40 years or so in the wild.

Atlantic Spotted Dolphin

Atlantic spotted dolphins resemble bottlenose dolphins at birth; they develop spots as they mature.

As their name suggests, Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis) are found throughout the Atlantic ocean and are covered in beautiful white spots. These animals typically grow seven feet long and weigh up to 310 pounds. Strangely enough, spotted dolphins don't have spots or dark-colored skin at birth, but as they grow and mature, the skin darkens and spots are more distinctive. These incredibly fast swimmers often ride the waves caused by the bows of ships.

Amazon River Dolphin

Amazon river dolphins are also called Botos.

Before you saw the picture above, you would probably think I'm telling tales if I spoke of a pink dolphin that lives in Amazon rivers. Well, the Amazon river dolphin is no joke! These dolphins are quite unlike any found in the ocean – they have long snouts and large foreheads. Their diet consists of crabs, catfish, crustaceans, shrimp, small turtles and other river fish. For the Amazon river dolphin, echolocation is extremely important because the rivers of the Amazon are often murkier than the ocean and are therefore much harder to see through (and in the flooding season, echolocation helps the dolphins navigate through the tree trunks). Some river dolphin species in Asia have lost their eyesight almost completely, relying on echolocation.

False Killer Whales

False killer whales were once thought to be extinct.

The creature you see in the picture above may look like a cross between a killer whale and a dolphin, the false killer whale is a member of the dolphin family and is not in the same genus as the true killer whales (hence their name). Nonetheless, they're very similar in appearance and thrive in many of the same waters. Believe it or not, the false killer whale, described by paleontologist and biologist Richard Owen (the same scientist who invented the word “dinosaur”), was thought to be an extinct species until Johannes Reinhardt found a large pod of them in Kiel Bay in 1861. These awesome cetaceans can grow up to 20 feet long and can weigh 4,900 lbs.

Orca

The Orca is the largest species of dolphin.

Despite their awesome size, the killer whale, or Orcinus orca, or orca for short, is also a member of the dolphin family. At 30 feet from snout to tail fluke and weighing up to 11 tons, they're the largest species of dolphins. The name “killer whale” is a bit of a misnomer, as they aren't “killers” as they were often depicted in movies – as oceanic savages ready to eat anything they see – and they're closer related to other dolphins than true whales. Orcas are quite different from most other members of their kin, as they're the top natural predators of the ocean. There are three to five different “races”, types or subspecies of orca. In fact, scientists are wondering if they should be split into different species. The three main types are resident, transient and offshore orcas. I mention this because each of the three types has its own diet. Resident orcas, that live in waters of the Northern Pacific, eat mostly fish, but will also go for squid. Transient orcas prefer eating marine mammals (fortunately humans are not on the menu!). Offshore orcas eat mostly fish, but also mammals and even sharks. (Keep in mind that orcas are very opportunistic predators and aren't only limited to their main food choices). Unlike most other dolphins, orcas are not only capable of fending off sharks, but actually eating them! Even the great white shark is no match for the mighty orca! Orcas live in large, complex societies and can live up to 90 years of age.

Dolphins are quite amazing animals that God created, aren't they? These beautiful creatures are not fast swimmers, intelligent, vocally and socially sophisticated, but they're also perfectly designed for life beneath the way, just like we'd expect if they were created by an intelligent, all-powerful Designer.

References:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_spotted_dolphin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_river_dolphin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_killer_whale
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer_whale
http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/spotteddolphin_atlantic.htm
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/bottlenose-dolphin/

Disclaimer: Many (or in some cases all) of the photographs and images above are not mine. If you own one or more of them and would like them to be removed, politely let me know via one or both of the email addresses above.

Roadrunner: The Sprinter of the West

Hi everyone! The year's moving right along, isn't it? I can't believe it's already the month of September and we'll be having Thanksgiving dinner relatively soon. Without further ado, let's move on to our "usuals".

Days till:

It is: 6 days till Patriot Day

It is: 7 days till Dolphin Tale 2's theatrical release

It is: 38 days till

In the Spotlight:

Not much to share today, but I've found quite literally a treasure trove of clips and interviews for the upcoming Dolphin Tale 2 movie! I can't believe it's coming out next week! I am so excited (needless to say, right?). I don't know if I'll be able to see it in theaters, but you can be sure that if I can't, I'll be one of the first people to check it out on DVD!

Here are several movie clips, actor and actress interviews for Dolphin Tale 2:

See? I told you I found a lot of stuff! And those are just movie clips (which, I might add, are totally awesome!), below are some interviews for the movie:

Am I finished yet? Nope! I found out some more cool information: remember Cozi Zuehlsdorff, who portrayed Hazel Haskett in Dolphin Tale 1? Well, not only is she reappearing in DT2 (which, if you watched any of those clips above, you should know that), she also wrote and sung the song that's going to be at the end credits called Brave Souls! This is really exciting for me. Here is her beautiful song below:

Topic of the Week by Christian Ryan

Roadrunners are small, fast ground birds.

After moving to Utah, my family has seen a lot of really amazing things in nature, from the red mountains to cool desert plants and animals. One bird that particularly caught my interest is small ground bird common in the deserts in the southwestern parts of the United States: the roadrunner! While strange-looking, they're really interesting things I learned about the roadrunner that really surprised me and things that might come as a surprise to you. So let's learn more about the roadrunner.

Just as portrayed in the show, roadrunners are fast-running ground birds.

Needless to say, (if you're over the age of 40) you remember a roadrunner from the television show by the same name, in which this bird frequently foils Wile E. Coyote's plans to capture the bird and eat him. Despite being ground birds, roadrunners are the largest members of the cuckoo bird family, Cuculidae. Today, I plan to focus primarily on the most well-known roadrunner species: the great roadrunner.

This is a picture I took of a roadrunner in front of an auto repair shop near where we live.

The Cuculidae family consists of many types of birds, but it was named for the common cuckoo that lives in Europe. Here are a few species of birds in this family below:

Common cuckoo

Guira guira

Channel-billed Cuckoo

Blue coua

As you can see, there is great variety within the cuckoo family. However, both genetic evidence and the Bible tell us that God created different kinds (likely referring to the “family” in modern classification methods, rather than “species” or “genus”) of birds on Day 5 of the Creation week, 6,000 years ago. (At the moment though, we don't know whether or not God's Day 5 creations included ground-dwelling birds as well as flying ones or if ground-dwelling birds were created on Day 6, with other land animals; some evidence seems to suggest some flying birds changed into ground birds over time through natural selection processes (not evolution). But this topic is beyond the scope of this article.) Inside the original created member of the cuckoo family, was all the genetic information for other species within this kind of bird, including the roadrunner. Sometime after the Genesis Flood, the cuckoo family diversified into various species “according to its own kind” (Genesis 1:21); one of these species settled in the southwestern United States and became the greater roadrunner.

Roadrunners live in dry, arid habitats.

This bird grows only 9-11 inches in height and up to two feet long and weighs 7.8-19 oz, so it isn't very big. I was able to see a roadrunner several times when it passed in front of where my Dad works. It might have been the same one every time. Other characteristics of the roadrunner include a bushy crest of feathers on top of its head, a thick darkly-colored beak, a long tail and four toes on each foot, two pointing forwards and two pointing backwards. Take a moment to observe the beautiful coloration of the roadrunner: it's mostly colored in brown with black streaks and the occasional pink spots. The underside is colored white. This perfectly enables this bird to blend into its habitat.

As seen in the Roadrunner cartoons, roadrunners actually do live in deserts. They mainly can be found in the southwestern deserts, open country and scrub lands of the United States, but they also live in northern Mexico and have even been spotted as far east as Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana and Missouri.

Roadrunners are fierce predators, eating anything from insects, as seen above, to snakes and everything in between!

The goofy appearance of the greater roadrunner is rather deceptive, God created these animals as fast and efficient predators (after the Fall of Man occurred, of course). They have wings and can fly, but they prefer to run after prey, using their long tails for balance and maneuverability. These birds regularly eat insects, like wasps, and other arthropods – like centipedes, spiders, scorpion, and millipedes – small rodents, eggs, carrion, reptiles and they'll also eat fruit. Roadrunners are able to kill larger prey by making devastating blows to the base of the small prey's neck or by beating its prey against a rock. They will sometimes leap into the air to catch smaller birds and flying insects and pairs of roadrunners have also been spotted teaming up to take on a relatively large snake, including the infamous rattlesnake!

Roadrunners are beautifully designed for desert life.

The fact that roadrunner's are predators, doesn't mean that they don't sometimes become prey for other creatures. Common predators of roadrunners are animals like hawks, skunks, raccoons and, yes you guessed it, the coyote. This is a major reason why roadrunners have speed on their side; able to run 15-26 mph, they're going to give both prey and predator a run for their money. However, unlike the cartoon, real coyotes can run faster than a roadrunner, so the bird must rely on agility rather than pure speed in order to escape.

Roadrunners can run 15-20 mph to escape predators and chase prey.

Another interesting fact about roadrunners is that they appear to mate for life. During courtship, a roadrunner will often give its mate a present, such as a twig or a piece of grass. When it's time to reproduce, the birds make a nest of twigs and lay 3-6 white or pale-yellow-colored eggs. The male and female both help incubate, care for, and protect the young before and after hatching. After about 18-21 days after leaving the hatching, roadrunner chicks leave their nests and join their parents in the open, where they will continue to be fed for an additional 30-40 days.

Roadrunners are a common source of food for coyotes.

So there you have it, the skinny on one of the most iconic and interesting of American birds. Roadrunners may or may not live near you, but there are loads of other species that do. What do they eat? Where do they live? Do they fly or mainly walk? Go outside into God's creation and see what amazing flying creations you can find!

Roadrunners are just one of the amazingly designed birds God has created!

References:

• www.wikipedia.org/wiki/greater_roadrunner
• www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_roadrunner_new.php
• eol.org/pages/915105/details

Disclaimer: Many (or in some cases all) of the photographs and images above are not mine. If you own one or more of them and would like them to be removed, politely let me know via one or both of the email addresses above.